Cholera disease

Cholera is a disease of acute intestinal tract infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria enter the body through contaminated food or beverages. The bacteria release enterotoxin (poison) in the intestinal tract so that there was diarrhea (diarrhea) accompanied by an acute and severe vomiting, as a result a person in just a few days lost a lot of body fluids and signed on the condition of dehydration.
If dehydration is not treated immediately, it will continue towards hypovolaemic and metabolic acidosis in a relatively short time and can cause death if treatment is not adequate. Normal drinking water supply will not be much help, Patient (patient) require intravenous fluids cholera sugar (Dextrose) and salt (normal saline) or in the form of intravenous fluid mix of both (Dextrose Saline).
Cholera spread of disease transmission
Cholera can be spread as an endemic disease, epidemic, or pandemic. Although much research has been done bersekala great, but the condition of this disease remains a challenge for modern medicine. Vibrio cholerae bacteria multiply and spread through feaces of human, if the sewage containing the bacteria contaminating the river water and then the other person who comes in contact with water are at risk of cholera as well.
For example washing hands are not clean and then eating, washing vegetables or food with water containing cholera bacteria, eating fish that live in water contaminated with cholera bacteria, even water (rivers) of drinking water used by others who live nearby.
Cholera Disease Symptoms and Signs
In people who feacesnya cholera bacteria was found during the 1-2 weeks might not feel the complaint means, but when the attack is a sudden infectious diarrhea and vomiting occur with quite a serious condition as acute attacks that cause diarrheal type .
However, in patients with cholera there are some things that is displayed signs and symptoms, among others are:
- Diarrhoea is watery and abundant without a preceded by a feeling of heartburn or tenesmus.
- Feaces or faeces (stool) which was originally in color and smelled of turned into a cloudy white liquid (such as rice water) without or fishy odor, but like a sweet smell.
- Feaces (liquid) that resembles rice water is when deposited will issue a white clumps.
- Diarrhea occurred many times and in sufficient quantity lots.
- The occurrence of vomiting after preceded by diarrhea that occurs, the patient does not feel sick before.
- Seizures may also be felt by the abdominal muscles accompanied by severe pain.
- Number of fluid that comes out will cause dehydration with signs such as rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, physically weak, sunken eyes, hypotension, etc. which if not immediately obtain a replacement handler lost body fluids can lead to death.
Handling and Treatment of Cholera Disease
Patients who experience disease cholera should get handling immediately, by providing replacement of body fluids lost as a first step. Giving fluids by infusion / Drip is the most appropriate for people with a lot of fluids lost through diarrhea or vomiting. Next is the treatment of infections, with antibiotic / antimicrobial such as Tetracycline, doxycycline or group Vibramicyn. This antibiotic treatment within 48 hours to stop the diarrhea that occurred.
In certain conditions, especially in the region afflicted by cholera outbreaks of food / liquids carried out by entering the hose from the nose to the stomach (sonde). As many as 50% of cases of severe cholera can not be resolved (deceased), while the number of 1% of cholera patients who received less adequate treatment died. (Massachusetts Medical Society, 2007: Getting Serious about Cholera).
Prevention of cholera disease
Cutting mode of transmission and prevention of cholera is to the principle of environmental sanitation, especially clean water and sewage (feaces) in place that meets environmental standards. Another is to drink water that has been cooked first, wash your hands thoroughly before eating soap / antiseptic, washing vegetables, water view, especially vegetables that are eaten raw (fresh vegetables), avoid eating fish and shellfish are cooked.
When the family members are affected by cholera, should be isolated and immediately get treatment. Objects contaminated with vomitus or feces should be in the sterilization of patients, insect flies (vectors) other transmitting immediately eradicated. Cholera vaccination can protect people in direct contact with patients.( www.infopenyakit.com )